Rhetorical Analysis of Speeches in to Kill a Mockingbird,...

We should study spoken language as it is truly unique and we can see the effect and beauty of spoken language in works of great orators and writers. Spoken language is truly an art, which involves many techniques to perfect and master it. One of the techniques is rhetoric. Rhetoric is the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing. The ancient Greeks first developed public speaking. Under Roman, influence public speaking developed further. This was heavily under the influence of Cicero and Aristotle. The speeches I have chosen to study are the closing speech of Atticus Fitch in the novel to â€Å"Kill a Mockingbird† and the â€Å"Battle of Falkirk† by William Wallace in the movie â€Å"Brave heart.† Atticus’s speech occurs in a courtroom in†¦show more content†¦This is done in order to engender pity and sympathy towards Tom Robinson in the courtroom and thus motivate the jury to return an innocent verdict. Atticus uses a combination of convincing and logical evidence, but is also very passionate as he is not doing this as a â€Å"lip† service. He was doing this, as he could not live with himself if he did not do his best to defend Tom Robinson despite the chances of winning the court case. The use of emotive language and well-reasoned arguments makes the case more persuasive and plausible. Atticus is rather astute in showing compassion for Mayella, this shows honesty and integrity in his character therefore the jury is more inclined to believe him over the witnesses. Atticus makes a direct plea to the jury but he does this on a personal level. Atticus pauses to create more impact as it is dramatically effective as it focuses our attention to the truth. Atticus throws the burden of blame on Mayella making her culpable of the crime that happened and not his client. He uses repetition to emphasise his case and evidence. Atticus’s tone becomes increasing aggressive and uncomp romising however, he remains courteous and dignified throughout. Atticus highlights to the jury the sheer arrogance of the witnesses of the state who believed their word would not be questioned over a black man. Atticus shouted â€Å"TEMERITY† as he had become so frustrated. This is the only point in the speech where

Network Server Security - 1130 Words

Network Server Security The network server at focus in this study is one utilized primarily for data storage and internal application sharing as well as for securing numerous desktop computers connected to the network. This work will describe access control that would be put in place for each of these with explanations on why these would be used. A message of at least 20 characters will be generated using a Vigener cipher keys that is at least three letters long, The message will be encrypted along with an explanation of how secure this message is and why. The form of security chose for the network will be identified with physical and electronic security considered. Included will be virus checks, firewalls, and encryption protocols as well as any access protocols explaining how each secures the network. This work will additionally list three specific project goals which if met would reduce or alleviate any problems or deficiencies. I. Database Access for Data Storage and Internal Application Sharing and Desktop Computers Security controls for the network system involves the creation of access and use for each user or user group. The control is used to restrict a list of possible actions down to the allowed actions. For example, encryption can be used to restrict access to data, application controls to restrict processing via authentication, and DRM storage to prevent unauthorized accesses. (Securosis, 2012) The necessary controls are determined by first listing outShow MoreRelatedNetwork Security: Analysis of Windows Server 20081615 Words   |  7 PagesSolution 1: With Windows Server 2008 Applications, you can make OUs, Groups and Users, and can set GPOs for the OUs, Groups and / or Users requirements or restrictions. Below are some reasons for upgrading to Windows Server 2008 R2 with service Pack 1(SP1). As we go through each one of the issues stated above, we address the concerns and exploit Windows Server 2008. With the new technology of today and the improvements with Windows Server 2008, not only is Windows Server 2008 an OSI, but it isRead MoreInternal Network Security1451 Words   |  6 Pagespeople in various places. Companies can get many advantages by using Internet network to support their business. Therefore, companies are trying as hard as they can, and give high effort in protecting their network from attack and make sure that they have the best network security. Most people think that the threat of security attack is only come from outside the company. In fact, the attack from inside the company network is more harmful with high frequency to be happened. As written by Cryptek (2001)Read MoreRiordan Security Issues1359 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: WEB SECUIRTY ISSUES AND CONCERNS CMGT 440 - Introduction to Information Systems Security University of Phoenix Abstract Introduction Riordan manufacturing is a plastic injection molding company based in San Jose. The company also has various operations in 3 other Michigan cities as well as one overseas office in China. â€Å"Riordan has a 46 million annual earning† and their major customers are automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department ofRead MoreSecurity Monitoring1041 Words   |  5 PagesSecurity Monitoring Mobin Bahrami University of Phoenix Information Systems Risk Management CMGT/442 June 22, 2012 Brian Hoff Intro Security monitoring is an important factor in keeping any organization network safe as various attacks are on a rise. A company constantly must practice monitory techniques to keep their data safe. The first step is to scan the internal and external environment and identify information technology risks before they become a problem. The key is to be proactiveRead MoreEssay about Network Security Monitoring Tools873 Words   |  4 PagesThere are numerous network security devices and tools available to aid in computer network defense, and these tools are often relied upon for protecting against increasingly sophisticated, stealthy, and damaging attacks. When acting alone, the current generation of security devices has an exceedingly difficult time providing an effective defense against such threats, and the situation is particularly grim for targeted or novel attacks. It has been demonstrated that a number of interoperable systemsRead MoreTechnological Advancements for Mabuhay Airlines 706 Words   |  3 Pagessmall airline company providing direct flight from Manila, Philippines to all points of the country. Serving the nation for more than two decades, MAL has become one of the most respected airlines with new and modern fleet of aircraft and a route network that serves 29 domestic points. MAL offers a wide arrays of online services such as view Flight Schedule, Book a Flight, Manage Booking, express service (extrack) that track and trace your cargo online and find out what types of cargo we carry forRead MoreAn Intrusion Prevention System ( Anthem )1282 Words   |  6 Pages or technology but the reality is, and will continue to be, people failed. The thought processes from the professionals whose task it is to secure an infrastructure often lag so far behind the curve I wonder if many are fit to associate the word security in their profession. It will not matter what technology is put in place if the threats are not fully understood. This in itself is also a problem the â€Å"threats.† The definition varies across the board: â€Å"they came from Outer Space†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"they’re advancedRead MoreDeveloping a Company Network Security Policy820 Words   |  3 Pageshaving the capabilities to access the company’s network both in and out o f the office, increases the potential that information or the access to information may end up in the wrong hands. It is because of these threats that companies create and enforce network security policies. A network security policy is a document that states how company intends to protect the company’s physical and information technology assets. (Rouse, 2007) A security policy is intended to be a living document thatRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Software Firewalls Essay1798 Words   |  8 PagesCHAPTER 6 EXERCISE 1 SOFTWARE FIREWALLS: A Firewall basically prevents the private network connected to the internet from being accessed by unauthorized user and therefore handles the traffic of internet. Hardware and software firewalls are the types of this network security system. It examines the each data in the network and blocks the data which is not valid and are from unauthorized user. We will discuss here only software firewalls. Software firewalls: Software firewall is suitable for theRead MoreEssay about Technical Security Policy Proposal for Small Company1064 Words   |  5 PagesTicTek Inc is a small company with about a hundred employees and one facility. The company sells home security electronics online. The devices are manufactured by a third party company and shipped to TicTek, whereupon they are warehoused until they are purchased through the company’s website. The warehouse staff prepares and ships customer orders in the same facility which houses the office staff and management. TicTek has a few major stockholders, but the majority of the company’s stock is owned

Cubans Essay Research Paper Cubans are Hispanics free essay sample

Cubans Essay, Research Paper Cubans are Hispanics, of class, and 40 old ages of socialism have non wholly erased the traditional Latino values that Cubans have ever held. In fact, there is grounds that the Cuban trade name of socialism has been tailored slightly to complement, or at least non to face straight, the traditional values. Cuban Hispanics, nevertheless, has ever been tempered by influences from its Black community, and many of these influences have been given pride of topographic point by the socialist authorities in fulfilment of its purpose to equalise the people of Cuba. In short, Cubans can t, and should non, be thought of as another group of uniform Hispanics. There are differences within any national Hispanic group and important differences between any two Latino groups ; and Cubans, by virtuousness of their history and the societal system they have lived in, are significantly different from all. Cuban values emphasize corporate wealth and corporate political consciousness. We will write a custom essay sample on Cubans Essay Research Paper Cubans are Hispanics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Peoples who have lived in the Cuban societal system may be struck negatively by the philistinism, winner-take-all capitalist economy, individuality, competition, offense, and racism of the United States. It may be hard for them to see positive facets of American civilization. Their negative position may be amplified by their economic state of affairs. They may be populating in hapless countries, traveling to poorer schools, and at the same clip being bombarded by advertisement and an incredible array of consumer goods. Cuba is traditionally a Catholic state, but its Catholicism is much modified and influenced. A much stronger spiritual force is Santeria. Santeria developed out of the traditions of the Yoruba, one of the African peoples who were imported to Cuba during the 16th through 19th centuries to work on the sugar plantations. Santeria blends elements of Christianity and West African beliefs and as such made it possible for the slaves to retain their traditional beliefs while looking to pattern Catholicism. Santeria # 8217 ; s believe in one God, but besides in saints or liquors known as orishas. These orishas are believed to be able to step in on one # 8217 ; s behalf as Catholic saints can. Santeria # 8217 ; s besides believe that ritual devotednesss affecting musical beat, offerings of nutrient and animate being forfeit, divination with fetishes made of castanetss or shells, enchantment like ictuss, and other rites can uncover the beginnings of day-to-da Y jobs and suggest solutions to them. The Cuban authorities has been officially supportive of organized faith. Religious freedom was guaranteed in the 1976 fundamental law, but it is really hard to pattern one # 8217 ; s faith openly and win in Cuban society. Until really late, for illustration, higher instruction was non accessible to immature people who openly professed a faith. Equality of the sexes is the official socialist ideal, although sexism is still prevailing, and adult females still do most of the domestic work. The Family Code of 1974 established the official end of equal engagement in the place, but in fact, these wonts and values have changed really easy. Publicly, a adult male is considered the caput of family although within the place, the adult female normally has control. One really of import facet of sexual equality has been dealt with to a great extent for illustration misss take part every bit in the instruction system. Possibly as a consequence of this instruction, more Cuban adult females publically stand up for their rights than one might anticipate. While the drawn-out household remains strong in footings of lodging, the households frequently live together, partially because of the lodging deficit. A trust on twenty-four hours attention centres and other public establishments have well replaced the traditional Hispanic household form, in which kids are about wholly cared for by parents or grandparents. The community, vicinity, church, schools and production co-op besides serve as something of an drawn-out household, assisting to reenforce societal values and emotional security. The authorities provides twenty-four hours care both as a agency of liberating adult females up to work, and besides as a manner to get down instruction in socialist values early. At first there were both alternate and mainstream centres. The alternate centres based on the Swedish theoretical account emphasized free drama, inter-age groupings, flexibleness, and geographic expedition, and the mainstream centres focused on cleanliness, structured acquisition, accomplishment, and fixed agendas. In 1971, all plans were centralized and merely the mainstream attack was continued. Centers emphasize group drama, and kids are overtly taught that they should be portion of a group. One perceiver has found that twenty-four hours attention centres try to interrupt down sexist attitudes. Boys drama with dolls or feign to be nurses, while misss pretend to be the family suppliers or physicians.

The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000

New South Wales labor laws mandates employers to look into their employees’ health, safety, and welfare at work; The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 is the principal statutory act that employers must work within in maintain the expected standards (Work Cover NSW).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In part 2, section 8, division the acts gives employer the duty to ensure that their staffs working condition and to some extent their social welfare like health. According to the act, employers are expected to ensure that work stations do not offer any workplace risks; the work place environment should be favorable for living by human beings. Among the issues that the act proposes should be looked into is proper sanitation, veneration, safety exists, fire extinguishers among other parameters to make life bearable. The act advises employers to not only work with local bodies to maintain the set standards but should consider the opinions and standpoints of their employees when setting safety measures. The act is of the opinion that a number of work place injuries can be avoided if employees abide to set regulations and work with their employees in that effect (Storey, 2004). The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 is founded on international labor laws that require that employees should be protected from unhealthy and unsafe working environments; in Section 8 of Part 2, division 2, the act extends the requirement to other people within the premises of an employer. According to the division, in the case that an organization has some other people apart from normal employees then employers are mandated to ensure that they are protected against any workplace related injury (Creighton and Rozen, 2007). In Section 9 of Part 2 referred to as â€Å"Duties of self-employed persons†, employers are given the mandate to enact such appropriate measures that will protect any third person to be injured, health wise or otherwise by the conduct of his or her employees.Advertising Looking for report on health law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The part protect the society in general as well those people who are working closely with an organization; to make the definition clear, the act refers to visitors, students and contractors as other people within working environment who are not employees, they are categorized under the title non-employees. When the non-employees visit a NSWFB workplace, the act requires that they need to be given safety rules, identification budges or other such gadgets, any protective gear, or any such equipments that can be used to reduce their chances of getting injured. Non members despite having the gears and being well trained on how to remain save the act requires that in NSWFB workplace, they should be gu ided strictly and rules of restrictions within the company adhered to (Hofmann and Tetrick, 2003). Section 10 and 11, mandates controller of working premises to ensure that machinery and any other properly that is under their control has been well vetted for safety; other than vetting the safety, they should ensure that they give such safety information that can assist in prevention of accidents or injuries. The section separate the mandate given to controller of dwelling premises and those of working premises, those in the working places should have the power to control when the place will be opened, how and by whom, when the premises should be closed or exited and offer such appropriate methods to approach the same. Like any other act in New South Wales, any person, whether natural or artificial, who goes against the requirements of the act, through an action or an omission is liable of an offence with the punishment there on as penalties. Employers are on the receiving end where the act requires and emphasis that the need to consult their employees when it comes to issues of health, safety and welfare at work; in the event that the employer fails to do this, employees can enforce the law against the employer.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In section 68 of Part 5, division 2, the enforcement of the act is given to the local councils where at any one time the state can conduct an investigation to ascertain that a certain facility has what it takes to be called safe; when conducting the exercise, the act gives power to the investigator to appoint any person whom he or she thinks is capable of guiding the exercise to do so. Failure to comply with this provision leads to an offence punishable by law. To make the law comprehensive, the following are some of the provisions provided in Part 2, sections 21, 24, 25, d ivision 3: Nobody within or without an organization should make people fear of an injury if the situation cannot be justified (Boyd, 2003). Employees, employers, and non employees should not interfere with safety measures put by the company Everybody should be willing to respond to a call of help; spirit of assisting each other should be reinforced within the company Nobody should hinder another when the later has offered to give aid or prevent injury with work places. This report on The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 was written and submitted by user Natasha M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Racial Discrimination During The 1920s

Racial and Ethnic Discrimination during the 1920's During the 1920’s, racial tensions in American society reached a boiling point. New non-protestant immigrants like Jews and Catholics had been arriving in huge masses from southeast Europe since the beginning of the century. Together, with Orientals, Mexicans, and the African-American population, these minorities suffered at the hands of those concerned with preserving the long established White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (W.A.S.P.) values that were an integral part of American life. Prejudice and racism reared its ugly head in many areas of society, with people showing a tolerance for racist views in the media, literature, and towards organizations like the Ku Klux Klan. Also, the language, living and working conditions, and Government legislations that ethnic minorities were subjected to is further evidence that the Twenties were an openly discriminatory decade. It was also during this period of grave hostility directed at ethnic groups that America’s ‘open door ’ attitude of â€Å"give me your tired, your poor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  officially became a part of its history. During the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, anti-immigration organizations that had been founded in the 1900’s began to receive more support and became increasingly influential following the First World War. The Immigration Restriction League (I.R.L.) was one such group, which claimed to have scientific evidence that the new immigrants from southeast Europe were racially â€Å"inferior† and therefore posed a threat to the supremacy of the United States. They believed strongly in W.A.S.P. values and certainly did not wish to see them become polluted by other religions from minority groups. This Social-Darwinist belief was not just popular with the masses, but it’s appeal spread to people of considerable eminence. For example, the principals of important American universities like Harvard and Stanford were numbered among the I.... Free Essays on Racial Discrimination During The 1920's Free Essays on Racial Discrimination During The 1920's Racial and Ethnic Discrimination during the 1920's During the 1920’s, racial tensions in American society reached a boiling point. New non-protestant immigrants like Jews and Catholics had been arriving in huge masses from southeast Europe since the beginning of the century. Together, with Orientals, Mexicans, and the African-American population, these minorities suffered at the hands of those concerned with preserving the long established White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (W.A.S.P.) values that were an integral part of American life. Prejudice and racism reared its ugly head in many areas of society, with people showing a tolerance for racist views in the media, literature, and towards organizations like the Ku Klux Klan. Also, the language, living and working conditions, and Government legislations that ethnic minorities were subjected to is further evidence that the Twenties were an openly discriminatory decade. It was also during this period of grave hostility directed at ethnic groups that America’s ‘open door ’ attitude of â€Å"give me your tired, your poor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  officially became a part of its history. During the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, anti-immigration organizations that had been founded in the 1900’s began to receive more support and became increasingly influential following the First World War. The Immigration Restriction League (I.R.L.) was one such group, which claimed to have scientific evidence that the new immigrants from southeast Europe were racially â€Å"inferior† and therefore posed a threat to the supremacy of the United States. They believed strongly in W.A.S.P. values and certainly did not wish to see them become polluted by other religions from minority groups. This Social-Darwinist belief was not just popular with the masses, but it’s appeal spread to people of considerable eminence. For example, the principals of important American universities like Harvard and Stanford were numbered among the I....

Peter Piper to Practice the P Sound

Peter Piper to Practice the P Sound Tongue twisters are fun words games we use to challenge our pronunciation. As an English learner, you can use tongue twisters to help with pronunciation of certain sounds. Peter Piper Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers?If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,wheres the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? Listen to the Peter Piper recording. Improving Your Pronunciation In this tongue twister, Peter Piper, you can work on your ps. The p sound is  voiceless  and is similar to the b sound which is voiced. The difference between the two sounds is that the p does not use the voice. Practice the difference in these sounds with minimal pairs- words that only have a difference between the p and b sound.   bob - popblob - plopbeg - pegpitch - bitchpeck - beck Feel the Sound Difference Place your hand on your throat and say pop and you will feel no vibration. Place your hand on your throat and say bob and youll feel vibration. Use lots of breath to help you get the plosive p sound strong. Pronounce your p with a strong explosion of air through the lips.

Longitudinal Strategic Development Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Longitudinal Strategic Development Study - Essay Example The past twenty-five years may be described as growing years. From its creation in 1971 up 2006 before the big fall of its share price, the company was observed adopting growing and expansion strategies as a logical explanation of its continued stock price. See Appendix A. The dramatic ascension of Starbucks from a single coffee store in Seattle’s Pike Place market to a Fortune 500 company in 2009 could now be considered an American business legend that would show a different kind of entrepreneurial skill from the founders and managers. A critical development that contributed to its expansion strategies involved the hiring of Howard Schultz as Director of Retail Operations and Marketing. Mr. Schultz who operated a coffee bar chain eventually bought the company from the original owners led by Baldwin. After rebranding his coffee chain into Starbucks, he eventually became the Chairman and CEO of the company and continues to occupy the position even at present. Mr. Schultz was th en living in New York as he managed the U.S. operations of a Swedish kitchenware company. It was his being fascinated about ordering large quantities of an unusual kind of coffee filter by a small Seattle company, Starbucks coffee, that caused the man to visit the store in 1981. Starbucks owners-mangers named Gerald Baldwin and Gordon Bowker, who had been running the company for a decade had hired Schultz who was earlier fascinated by â€Å"the vision of a national chain of coffee stores†.  

Colonization and Heart of Darkness is the author for or against it Essay

Colonization and Heart of Darkness is the author for or against it - Essay Example Thesis statement: Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness proves that the author is against colonization because the underlying theme is anti-colonial/sympathy towards the victims of colonization (say, the Africans) (special references to the autobiographical elements in the work). Author’s view on colonization First of all, the theme of the work Heart of Darkness is interconnected with the author’s growth and development from a teenager (deeply interested in geography, maps and adventurous life) to a mariner. Within this context, his voyage to Congo changed his attitude towards colonization and its consequences. To be specific, voyage to the Dark Continent (Africa), especially to Congo, helped Conrad to realize the drawbacks of colonization, forced labor and slavery. Marlow states that â€Å"Strings of dusty niggers with splay feet arrived and departed; a stream of manufactured goods, rubbishy cottons, beads, and brass-wire set into the depth of darkness, and in retu rn came a precious trickle of ivory† (46). In the novel, the undercurrent of sadness and helplessness leads the author to be pessimistic towards life and human values. His voyage to Congo helped him to realize the anti-human aspects of colonizers who considered the African continent as the source of raw materials and slaves, not as a society throbbing with life. Later, Conrad recollected his experiences in Congo and utilized the protagonist as his mouthpiece to communicate with the readers. To be specific, his development from an adventurous teenager to a mature individual who can differentiate the drawbacks of colonization forced him to a pessimistic towards life. From a different angle of view, his deep involvement in Polish Nationalist Movement in his later life can be evaluated as his protest against colonization. Within this context, one can easily identify that the author is totally against colonization and his work can be considered as the protest against colonization a nd it’s far reaching consequences. Autobiographical elements As pointed out, Conrad is the speaker (say, narrator-protagonist, Marlow) and his voyage to Congo in the year 1889 is portrayed in the work. To be specific, in his real life, Conrad decided to travel to the heart of Africa (Congo). So, he decided to seek the help of one of his relatives, namely, Aleksander Poradowski. Later, Conrad came to know that his relative was dead and decided to seek the help of Poradowski’s widow (Marguerite). With her help, Conrad was able to be the commander of a Belgian steam boat which voyaged to Congo. At that time (in 1890s), Congo was under Belgium, especially under King Leopold II. Within this context, trade relation with Congo and Belgium was based upon Belgian colonization in Congo by King Leopold II. In his work, Conrad did not give emphasize to the drawbacks of imperialism or colonization but provided ample importance to his own experience in Congo. Through the character M arlow, Conrad portrayed the hardships faced by the people of Congo under the Belgian colonization. Marlow makes clear that â€Å"They passed me within six inches, without a glance, with that complete, deathlike indifference of unhappy savages† (43). Within this context, one can easily identify that Marlow (say, the protagonist) represents the author’s firsthand experience in Con

Fast Food Nation Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Nation Essay Summary: All Americans effect the huge growth of fast food but adolescents play even more of a vital role in than the average consumer. Not only do teenagers consume fast food, but they work for it and steal from it because they are attracted to it the most. The fast food industry provides the easiest way for young people to get started and continue to succeed in our Fast Food Nation. Our country loves fast food, there is speedy service with cheap tasty food in over one million restaurants world wide. Though we all love it, we do not like the stories behind it. In 2004, Americans spent over 110 billion dollars on fast food, thats more than higher education, computers, computer software and new cars combined (Scholosser, 3). Teenagers provide a huge role in the fast food industry. Teenagers work at these restaurants, eat at these restaurants, are objects of advertisements by these restaurants and steal from these restaurants more than any other age group. Ever since the age of three more than 75 percent of American children can recognize the face of Ronald McDonald. Since our nation is currently being raised around fast food it is only inevitable that as children grow, they only become more of a part of it everyday. The average American child begins to work around the age of 16 doing low wage low labor jobs. At anytime a teenager can walk into any fast food restaurant and apply for a job. Fast food restaurants prefer to employ teenagers because they are easily trained, less expensive to tend to than adults and are easier to control. Also since most teenagers still live at home they can afford to work for wages too low to even support an adult. No other industry in the United States had a workforce so dominated by adolescents. About two-thirds of the nations fast food workers are under the age of twenty (Scholosser, 68). Working in McDonalds is not difficult, but just tedious and long. Since most fast food restaurants are run my machines, it is up to these 17 year-old employs to push buttons and say commands. All Burger King wants is for things to get done faster, not how much effort is put into work, so teenagers feel working at Taco Bell or KFC wont be as difficult as it will a strain. Any teenager working behind the counter at any fast food restaurant is given less respect than animals at the pet store. ... she hates the job and is desperate to quit. Working at the counter she has to deal with rude remarks and complaints. She is often yelled at by strangers angry that their foods taking to long or that something is wrong with their order. One elderly woman threw a hamburger at her because there was too much mustard on it (Scholosser, 81). Though rudeness is a downside to a fast food job, there are perks for kids who do not need a lot. Many of the 200 dollar a week salary is used for teenage spending; clothes, nights out, cars and other desirable things. Teenagers run and continue the fast food work force every day, not because they have to but because its the best option available to them. Though we may not like the way the food is cooked or served; the way it tastes is still great. McDonalds makes a huge profit off of everything; soda fries and sandwiches all profit so largely, and teenagers are one of the most popular customers. A medium soda in McDonalds is $1. 29, it cost McDonalds $4. 25 per gallon of soda syrup, only about 9 cents worth of syrup is used in a medium drink, giving McDonalds almost a 95% profit. Soda consumption among teenagers has doubled within the past 20 years, reaching an average of twelve ounces of soda a day per child. (Scholosser, 54). With French fries McDonalds buy them frozen for 30 cents a pound, then sells them reheated in oil for 6 dollars a pound, pure profit pulled from the hands of teenagers. McDonalds makes billions upon billions of dollars annually by selling things for such a low price but really making the largest profit possible. Recently, fast food restaurants have become more attractive to armed robbers than a clothing store or gas station. Since fast food industries do almost all of their business in cash, others rely on credit card transactions. Robbery in fast food chains is not uncommon at all, even when most of it happens by their own employees, underage teenagers who are desperate for money. Though most of these robberies occur early in the morning or late at night when few people are working. The typical employee stole about $218 a year and according to industry studies, about two thirds of the robberies at fast food restaurants involve current or former employees. (Scholosser, 84). Employees have low pay, high turnover and know the restaurant, why not steal? McDonalds is already a billion dollar industry, many of the people think, its not going to hurt their business, they wont even notice. However these robberies have led to deaths and injuries, and make teenagers realize what horrible conditions they are working in. All Americans effect the huge growth of fast food but adolescents play even more of a vital role in than the average consumer. Not only do teenagers consume fast food, but they work for it and steal from it because they are attracted to it the most. The fast food industry provides the easiest way for young people to get started and continue to succeed in our Fast Food Nation.

Measure for Measure Essay: The Bed Trick -- Measure for Measure

The Bed Trick in Measure for Measure      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critics have referred to the concept of Mariana taking Isabella's place in Angelo's bed "the bed trick."   This plan of the Duke's, which is supposed to save Isabella, Claudio, and Mariana, appears to be almost corrupt and shameful, and is one of the reasons scholars consider Measure for Measure a problem play.   What exactly is going on here with all of these characters?   It seems almost uncharacteristic of the sweet, naà ¯ve, virginal Isabella to condone another performing such an act in her place.   Isabella is, in a sense, asking Mariana to perform the very act which she has not only been avoiding, but that she is disgusted by.   The fact that Isabella would accept the Duke's plan without question, which she does, has caused critics to question how saintly she actually is.   The Duke has also been criticized for conducting and carrying out his plan.   After all, he is the Duke, and he could have stopped Angelo and saved Mariana from having to sacr ifice herself if he would have simply removed his disguise.   It seems to be odd that a character the audience is expected to revere would not try to solve this problem by a more respectable, and much more simple, solution.   Mariana has also been criticized for accepting her part in the action, because she is the character who commits the sin.   Hence, the deception presented by these three "good" characters in the play is almost as corrupt as Angelo's deception.   Why would Shakespeare do this?   It appears that perhaps Shakespeare wanted to make all of his characters appear human.   Angelo depicts a "holier-than-thou" persona and eventually falls because of it, Isabella is portrayed as a saintly virgin but here the audience sees she is also falli... ...elow: This forenamed maid hath yet in her the continuance of her first affection.   His unjust unkindness, that in all reason should have quenched her love, hath, like an impediment in the current, made it more violent and unruly.   Go you to Angelo; answer his requiring with a plausible obedience; agree with his demands to the point; only refer yourself to this advantage, first, that your stay with him may not be long; that the time may have all shadow and sicken in it and the place answer to convenience.   This being granted in course-and now follows all-we shall advise this wronged maid to stead up your appointment, go in your place.   If the encounter acknowledge itself hereafter, it may compel him to her recompense; and here, ,by this, is your brother saved, your honor untainted, the poor Mariana advantaged, and the corrupt deputy scaled.   [III.iii.265-293].

A. K. Kraipak Case

| ASSIGNMENT ON| A. K KRAIPAK vs UNION OF INDIA| (A Case Study)| | | | AN ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF A. K KRAIPAK VS UNION OF INDIA : INTRODUCTION: Kraipak vs Union of india is regarded as an epoch making decision as it demolishes the artificial and conceptualistic distinction between administrative and quasi judicial function as well as delinked natural justice from quasi judicial.In this case the court asserted that natural justice could be applied to the so called administrative function as well, for the rules of natural justice aim at securing justice, or to prevent miscarriage of justice, and the basic aim is to arrived at a just decision. kraipak’s case had a profound impact on the growth of administrative law in india. The liberal judicial trend in favour of applying natural justice got strengthened as a result of the kraipak’s decision. Facts of the case :In 1966, a service called The Indian Forest Service was constituted, the selection for which was to be made fro m among the officers serving in the forest department of the state. Section 3 of the All India Services Act, 1951 provides that the Central Government shall after consulting the Government of the States concerned to make rules for the regulation of recruitment and the conditions of the service of persons appointed to those All India Services. In pursuance of the power given under Section 3, Indian Forest Service (Recruitment) Rules, 1966 were made.The Rule 4(1) of the above mentioned Rules empowers the Central Government to recruit to the service any person from amongst the members of the State Forest Service adjudged suitable in accordance with such regulations as the Central Government may make in consultation with State Governments and the Commission. † Now the regulation 3 of Indian Forest Service (Initial Recruitment) Regulations, 1956 framed under Rule 4(1) of the Indian Forest Service (Recruitment) Rules, 1966 provided for the Constitution of a Special Selection Board c onsisting of: 1.The Chairman of UPSC or his nominee. 2. Inspector General of Forests of the Government of India. 3. Joint Secretary. UOI. 4. Chief Secretary of the concerned State Government. 5. Chief Conservator of Forest of the concerned State Government. The selection Board was to be headed by the Chief Conservator of the Forest of the State while the final selections were to be made by the Union Public Service Commission (U. P. S. C).In the State of Jammu and Kashmir, a Naquishbund was appointed as the acting Chief Conservator of forest and was olso a member of the selection board for recommending the names of officers for All India Forest Service was formed, The Board recommended the names of the persons including Naquishbund. The selections as finally made by the board were accepted by the Commission. On the basis of the recommendations of the Commission, the impugned list was published. Even After review Basu, Baig and Kaulwho were supersede by naquishbund for chief conservat or of forest were not selected.It must be noted that Naquishbund was also one of the candidates for All India Forest Service. Though he did not sit in the selection board at the time his name was considered for selection but he did sit in the board when the names of Basu, Baig and Kaul were considered for selection and was also involved while preparing the list of selected candidates . Aggrieved, The Gazetted Officers Association, brought a petition to the Court challenging that the selections in question were made in contravention of the Principles of Natural Justice.Arguments Advanced : The petitioners as well as the respondents raised arguments with respect to the nature of the power conferred on the selection board. The petitioners contended that Rule 4 as well as Regulation 5 prescribes that the selections should be made after ‘adjudging’ the suitability of the officers belonging to the State service. The word ‘adjudge’ the meaning of which is ‘t o judge or decide’ indicates that the power conferred on the selection board was a quasi-judicial power.It was contended on their behalf that such a power is a judicial power not an administrative one and it has to be exercised in accordance with the well accepted Rules of Natural Justice, the violation of which has been rightly claimed. Naquishbund, being a candidate for Indian Forest Service cannot be an adjudicator of the same. On the other hand, the learned Attorney General on behalf of the respondents argued that the power exercised by the selection board is not a quasi-judicial power but an administrative power.To support this contention, it was further admitted that the proceedings before the selection board were not quasi-judicial because the board was not required to decide about any ‘right’. The duty of the board was merely to select officers who in its opinion were suitable for Indian Forest Service. He interpreted the word ‘adjudge’ as be ing ‘found worthy of selection’. It was also contended by the learned Attorney General that after all the selection board was only a recommendatory body. Its recommendations had first to be perused by the Home Ministry and then by the U.P. S. C. The final recommendations were made by the U. P. S. C. Therefore, grievances of the petitioners have no real basis. Keeping in mind the validity of the administrative actions taken, all that has to be seen is whether the final decision is just or not. And finally, in the form of arguendo, it was also contended by the learned Attorney General that the mere fact that one of the members of the board was biased against some of the petitioners cannot vitiate the whole selection process Analyzing the JudgmentA five judge bench of the Apex Court held that the selections made by the selection committee were in violation of principles of natural justice. The Court found the power exercised by the Selection Board as an administrative one and tested the validity of the selections on that basis. It held that the concept of rule of law would lose its importance if the instrumentalities of the State are not charged with the duty of discharging their functions in a fair and just manner. Also, it is a must to charge dministrative authorities with the duty of discharging their functions in a fair and just manner in a Welfare State like India, where the jurisdiction of the administrative bodies is increasing at a rapid rate. In the words of Hegde, J. – â€Å"The requirement of acting judicially in essence is nothing but to act justly and fairly and not arbitrarily or capriciously. The procedures which are considered inherent in the exercise of a judicial power are merely those which facilitate if not ensure a just and fair decision. It further observed that the dividing line between an administrative power and quasi-judicial power is being gradually obliterated. The Court held that the basic principle of nemo judex in causa sua was violated by appointing Naquishbund as a member of the selection board. Though he did not participate in the deliberations of the board when his name was being considered yet the very fact that he was a member of the selection board had a significant impact on the decision of the selection board and he participated in the deliberations when the claims Basu, Baig and Kaul were considered.Under such circumstances, the Court could not believe that Naquishbund could have been unbiased, the Court observed that the question is not whether Naquishbund was actually biased or not. The real question is whether there is a reasonable ground for believing that he was likely to have been biased. Further the Court observed that the question is not whether Naquishbund was actually biased or not. The real question is whether there is a reasonable ground for believing that he was likely to have been biased, earlier in Manaklal’s case the Court had made it clear that the test wa s not actual bias but a reasonable apprehension of bias.It held that it is difficult to prove the state of mind. Therefore in deciding the question of bias ordinary course of human conduct is taken into consideration. Owing to this, the Court observed that there was a personal interest on part of Naquishbund to keep out his rivals in order to secure his position without further challenge and so he cannot said to be impartial, fair and just while making the selection. ConclusionTherefore what emerges from this case is that although the Courts are making distinctions between the Quasi-Judicial and Administrative powers but at the same time there is one common element of fair procedure in both the cases which can be referred to as the ‘duty to act fairly’. This duty arises from the same general principles, as do the rules of natural justice. The case of A. K Kraipak v. Union of India is a landmark judgement in the development of administrative law in India and has strength ened the rule of law in this country.Hedge, J. observed that â€Å"If the purpose of the rules of natural justice is to prevent miscarriage of justice one fails to see why those rules should be made inapplicable to administrative inquiries†. In the words of Krishna Iyer, J. – â€Å"Once we understand the soul of the rule as fairplay in action – and it is so- we must hold that it extends to both the fields. After all administrative power in a democratic set-up is not allergic to fairness in action and discretionary executive justice cannot degenerate into unilateral injustice. †

Presence of Death in Literature Essay

Literature often contains themes that allow the reader to relate to the characters. From suicide to murders, death is an inevitable theme seen time and time over not only in real life but also in many types of literary works. It is used by many authors as a main driving force behind the plot as well as a method to add emotions in various works. The presence of death is a reoccurring subject in almost every type of literary work such as novels, short stories as well as plays. Firstly, death is seen in many different novels and is present in almost every genre. Death is even present in many novels aiming for younger readers such as William Golding’s â€Å"Lord of the Flies† and others. In the novel â€Å"Lord of The Flies†, death is a very common subject throughout the story as seen with the deaths of the little’un, Simon and Piggy. For starters, already in the first few chapters, death makes its first appearance as one of the little’uns disappears. â€Å"That little’un-’ gasped Piggy – ‘him with the mark on his face, I don’t see him. Where is he now?† (William Golding, p. 46) The little’un was earlier spotted playing in the forest near the mountain top where an accidental forest fire broke out just few moments after. The little’un with the mark on his face is now nowhere to be found and is presumed dead burnt in the fire. Moreover, death is seen a second time later on in the novel when Simon is attacked by all the boys. After his encounter with The Lord of the Flies, Simon manages to make his way back to Jack’s feast only to find a group of boys caught up in frenzy. In their bewildered state of mind, the savage boys descended upon the innocent child thinking he was the best and violently killed him. â€Å"At once the crowd surged after it poured down the rock, leapt on the beast, screamed, struck, bit, tore† ( William Golding, p.169). Finally, towards the end of the book, death is seen for the third and last time when Piggy and Ralph visit the Castle Rock in hopes of retrieving Piggy’s glasses. However, at the castle rock, the duo encountered and unexpected twist of events which led to Piggy’s death after being crushed by a big boulder of rock thrown by Roger. Although death is seen multiple times in novels, it is also a recurring theme seen in other shorter literary works. Secondly, death is also seen quite often in short stories. Countless authors including Edgar Alan Poe use death as one of the main driving force in there plot line. As a matter of fact, death is seen in almost every Edgar Alan Poe short stories some examples being â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue†. To begin with, the theme of death is seen throughout the story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† as the main character plots to kill the old man. At the begging of the story, the main narrator explains that he can no longer stand to look into the elderly man’s fake eye and for that reason he must kill him. After a week of planning, the main character finally puts his plan in motion as he rushes in the old man’s house and crushes him to death under his own bed. â€Å"He shrieked once — once only. In an instant I dragged him to the floor, and pulled the heavy bed over him. I then smiled gaily, to find the deed so far done.† (Edgar Alan Poe, p.5) Likewise, the presence of death is also present in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† where the main character Montresor vows revenge to his foe Fortunato for the thousand injuries and bane he has caused him in the past. In that short story, Montresor lures Fortunato in the catacomb where he is then entombed alive and left to starvation. Furthermore, death is also seen in â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue† but this time in a funnier and more farfetched way. In this play, an unnamed narrator and his friend investigate a crime scene only to find out that an Ourang-Outang was in fact the murderer behind the crime. The monkey wield with a razor had completely cut off the head of an old women in her own apartment. â€Å"The throat of the old lady was not merely cut, but the head absolutely severed from the body: the instrument was a mere razor† (Edgar Alan Poe, p.20). Albeit death is constantly seen in many books meant to be read, it is just as present in other literary works meant to be acted out such as plays. Lastly, death is not only seen in books but it is also frequently seen in many known plays. For the past few decades, the presence of death in plays has been seen time and time over by some of the most eminent playwrights including Shakespeare. From suicide to murder, death is present in almost all of Shakespeare plays some of which are â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, â€Å"Macbeth† and, let’s not forget, â€Å"Hamlet†. In the first place, the presence of death is seen several times throughout the play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† many of which are resulted in combat such as the deaths of Mercutio, Tybalt and Paris. Although many deaths occur in the pay â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, the play is most commonly known for the deaths of the star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet. After Juliet drinks a potion to make her seem dead for 2 days in the hopes of escaping a forced marriage, Romeo finds her corpse. â€Å"O my love, my wife! Death, that hath suck’d the honey of thy breath Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty.† (William Shakespeare, Act 5, Scene 3). Thinking Juliet was actually dead; Romeo commits suicide by drinking poison. At Juliet awakening, she is devastated to see her lover’s dead body beside her and decides to stab herself to death. In the second place, death is also seen multiple times throughout the play â€Å"Macbeth†. In this play, in order make the witches prophecy come true, the main character Macbeth killed the King Duncan so as to inherit the throne all and become the new King of Scotland. â€Å"I go, and it is done; the bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan; for it is a knell. That summons thee to heaven or to hell.† (William Shakespeare, Act 2, Scene 1) Later on in the play, Macbeth then hired murderers to kill one of his former friends as well as a many other noblemen threatening his crown. In the third and last place, the presence of death is also seen in the popular Shakespeare play â€Å"Hamlet†. This play is known for its many deaths throughout the plotline. In the end, almost every round character has been killed. Out of the 12, 10 were either poisoned or drowned. Thus, death is also frequently found in plays. All in all, the theme of death is a major and reoccurring subject that is present in literary works. It is often found in various types of literary works such as novels, short stories and plays. This theme has been used by some of the best authors to ever write for it evokes many emotions. However, there are many other ways the author can use to induce these. Hence, one can wonder about the variety of techniques they use to relate to the readers. Annotated bibliography Mabillard, Amanda. Violence in Shakespeare’s Plays. Shakespeare Online. 2000. (30/10/2012) < http://www.shakespeare-online.com/plays/violenceinshakespeare.html > This website describes every death linked to violence in Shakespeare plays all in separate categories (Suicide, murder, killed in combat, etc†¦) in addition to a brief description of every death. This website helped me not only find the deaths I wanted to talk about in my essay but also helped me find quotes for every cases of death. Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York: Capricorn Books, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1954. The book Lord of the Flies was really helpful to me to find quotes for my first argument as well as to make links with deaths in literature for a novel. Because of the novel’s pretty high count of death, I was able to establish a multitude of different links to my essay that bears with the presence of death. William Shakespeare, ed. Cyrus Hoy. Romeo and Juliet (Norton Critical Editions). New York: Norton, 1992 The Shakespeare play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† was helpful for my essay because it was one of the plays I used to link to the presence of death. In addition, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is home to the most famous death in literature and had to be inserted in my essay. William Shakespeare, ed. A. C. Bradley. Shakespearean tragedy: Macbeth. New York: Penguin, 1991. The Shakespeare play â€Å"Macbeth† was useful to my essay for many reasons. For starters, I had just finished reading this book before writing my essay which made it easy to make links between the presence of death in literature and this book. Also, like most of Shakespeare plays, â€Å"Macbeth† contains a lot of death’s which made it even easier for me to link it to my essay. Weller, Philip. Hamlet Navigator. Shakespeare Navigators, (21/11/2012). < http://shakespeare-navigators.com/hamlet > This website contains all information that there is to know about Shakespeare (quotes, themes, scenes etc†¦). Although I did not use this site for a lot, it helped me make my annotated bibliography for every Shakespeare play I used in this essay. SparkNotes Editors. SparkNote on Poe’s Short Stories. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. (18/11/2012) < http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/poestories/section5.rhtml > This website is a summary of Edgar Alan Poe’s â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue† which was really helpful for me to understand the plot of the story without having to read the entire short story. I also found quotes on this website.

Explore Our Pointers For Choosing A Grade TOEFL Topics

Explore Our Pointers For Choosing A Grade TOEFL Topics TOEFL Essay: Choosing the Right Research Topics All the topics that we have covered in this article can be found in the fort edition official guide to the TOEFL. This book holds a good reputation so you should make an effort and grab it! If you are to take a TOEFL exam, I would advise you to get this book and use it as our guide. Let’s now focus on the list of topics   below for a TOEFL essay: Question no. 1 Looking in the modern world, the internet has become a sensation that many people use on a daily basis. This has made access to information quite easy as compared to the previous generation. What are the ways that these aspects extend the accessibility of data? How does this influence our everyday life? Question no. 2 Many students prefer classes that they feel free to express themselves, talk to the teacher and the lectures given are on the minimum. Concerning this, several students have a different opinion in that less open discussions, and more lectures are the perfect combination for success. In your own opinion, which of the two options is the best? For the support information, you will add, utilize precise incentives and occurrences. Question no. 3 Have a look at the provided statement: the best research can be done by the use of sources such as publications or articles, as compared to website sources. Do you agree or disagree with this notion? To provide support for your point of reason, make use of motivations and occurrences. Question no. 4 Brainstorm on the following statement: grades motivate a student to study. Do you agree or disagree with this insinuation? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 5 Take a look at the following account: while some people are content with the small countryside settlement, others prefer the big city life. Which of the two aspects do you align with? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 6 Think through on the following statement: the popularization of television is the reason for the destroyed communication between people. Do you agree or disagree with this point of reason? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 7 The people living around you are your neighbors.   In your own opinion, what characteristics define a good neighbor? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 8 In your own opinion do you think that the people living in North America have become too dependable on cars for movement purposes? Question no. 9 Imagine a situation that you are to choose a country abroad that you will stay for two weeks. Which country will be your preferred choice? If so, why? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 10 Some people prefer traveling with another group of people, while others prefer traveling alone. In which of the two options do you fall in? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 11 Think through on the following situation: a particular firm needs to choose between spending a specific amount of money to support artists and redirecting the same funds to environmental protection. In our opinion, which of the two alternatives should the firm finance? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 12 What strategy do you employ while trying to fix issues? While you at it do the strategy employed give youre your desired results? As a way of providing support to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 13 Use comparison and highlight the similarities and differences between your parents and your personal lifestyle. Based on the answer you get, in your opinion, which of the two lifestyles will be more gratifying even in the evolution of a new generation? Question no. 14 Humans these days have a prolonged life. Discuss the factors that influence this phenomenon. When drafting your paper, use brief but related motivations and instances. Question no. 15 A certain amount of people prefers spending money on things they are passionate about, while others are big time savers and have future goals that support this behavior. In your own opinion, which of the two options would you prefer? As a way of providing support to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 16 Most of the youths become university or college students based on the colossal amount of different motives (for example, they experience new things, acquire life skills, training for a career). In your opinion, what reason drives an individual to become a student? Question no. 17 What are the ways that someone’s actions are shaped by the TV shows and films they watch? As a way of providing support to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 18 Given a chance, what aspect of the town you come from would you like to change? As a way of providing support to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this Question no. 19 Humans can only be successful if they put in an effort to achieve their desired results. You cannot achieve success by luck. Do you agree or disagree with this idea? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 20 Think through on the following situation: colleges need to distribute the same amount of funds to sports activities, just like they do for their college libraries. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 21 Many people visit museums whenever they are in a new country. In your own opinion, why do people like museums, justify your basis using motivations and occurrences. Question no. 22 Do you agree or disagree on the following statement? it is prudent to raise your kids in a rural setting as compared to urban areas. Provide reasonable justification for the basis of your opinion using reliable occurrences and motivations. Question no. 23 Some people believe that our actions and activities destroy the planet. On the other hand, others believe that these actions are beneficial to the planet. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? As a way of providing a basis to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 24 Most people get jobs to earn a source of living and sustain their daily lives. Can you give out other reasons why people need jobs? Justify your opinion using motivations and occurrences that relate to this. Question no. 25 People use different actions to ensure they preserve their health. What actions do you employ in your life to stay healthy? Justify your opinion using motivations and instances. Question no. 26 Picture the following situation: you have recently found out that commercial buildings are being constructed near your residential place. Do you agree or disagree with this project? As a way of providing a footing to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 27 While some students find it as an advantage to study with a group of people, others prefer studying on their own.   Which of these two aspects would you favor? To justify your opinion, use motivations and instances suitable to address this. Question no. 28 While other people find comfort and pleasure through dining in restaurants and high tables, others prefer cooking in the comfort of their houses. Which of the two categories are you in? Justify this using motivations and instances. Question no. 29 As some people think that class attendance should be graded, others do believe that it should be facultative. Which of the two options would you agree with? For justification purposes of the support to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no.30 A number of people believes that studying is well done when someone is alone, rather than having a professor teaches and explains it.   However, others do think that a professor is an integral part of learning to ensure you achieve the desired and required educational wisdom.   Which of the two alternatives do you agree on? To justify the basis to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 31 In your own opinion, what are the characteristics that your employer should possess? As a way of justifying to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 32 As a rule, human beings enjoy a long life these days. What are the reasons behind this? As a way of providing a basis to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 33 When you get employment, you are bound to interact inevitably with several different types of people with different characters. From your perspective, what are the characteristics that a work colleague should have? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 34 Think through on the following situation: within 20 years, people will own less number of vehicles than they do today. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 35 Think through on the following situation: these days, many people spend most of their time entertaining themselves and having fun, more than they should be doing what needs to be done. Do you agree with this point of view?   As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 36 Think through on the following situation: life these days is simpler and less complicated as compared to the lives of our grandparents back in the days. Do you agree or disagree with this notion? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 37 Think through on the following situation: we can source good advice, and valuable lessons from people who hold a higher level of professional setting as compared to our peers do you agree or disagree with this? As a way of providing a basis to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 38 Think through on the following situation: one should never assimilate an important measure on their own. Do you agree or disagree with this? As a way of providing a foundation to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 39 Think through on the following situation: You recently found out that a new shopping mall was to be constructed near your residential area. Do you agree or disagree with this move? As a way of providing a basis to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this. Question no. 40 Think through on the following situation: in some situation, it is advisable to lie. Do you agree or disagree with this? As a way of providing a footing to your opinion, use motivations and occurrences suitable to address this.

Writing a Nursing Essay

Writing a Nursing Essay Similar to residency essays, a nursing essay is used by nursing school admissions directors to find those students whom theyd like to consider for their program. Thousands of hopefuls apply for nursing school each year, many of whom have similar GPAs and collegiate backgrounds. The essay helps distinguish the individuals from their educational statistics. When writing a nursing school essay (or any personal essay for that matter) it helps to be as candid as possible. Admissions directors want to know as much about their applicants as possible, however, they cant afford to give each and every essay a tremendous amount of time. In other words, dont sugar coat the message. Be unique in your approach, but factual and to-the-point as well. Another thing to remember when writing an essay for nursing is to include points relative to the subject. Offer specific examples as to why you are choosing a career in nursing. The more detailed you can be, the easier it will be for the readers to identify and/or sympathize with your decision. Exercise similar precision when discussing why you are applying to the school in question. Writing a nursing essay is a difficult task that is as much professional as it is personally revealing. For more information about writing admissions essays or if you would like help in writing an essay for a residency program, please dont hesitate to contact me. I would love to use my experience to help you.

Laptop issuance to sales persons and return on investment Research Paper

Laptop issuance to sales persons and return on investment - Research Paper Example The study conducted by Atrostic and Nguyen (2006) categorically declared that â€Å"the prevalence of informational technology (IT) means that just investing in IT no longer confers a competitive advantage† (p. 1).After all, business use of computers dates back to about 50 years ago. Could it really be possible that man has outgrown the need for the good old computer? However, what Atrostic and Nguyen (2006) actually meant was that the manner in which businesses use IT does matter. Hence, competitive advantage may be achieved depending on how businesses harness the power the computer. Research Question and Justification Hoskins (2011) maintained that the â€Å"laptop is tailor-made for business† (para. 1). Coincidentally, I overhead two neatly attired gentleman seated on the next table talking about their accomplishments for the day. The two appear to be sales people and were using information from their high-end laptops every now and then, either to support their asser tion or to clarify their point. It is common knowledge that most companies issue laptops to their salespeople, presumably to facilitate presentation to prospective clients. But would the issuance of laptops to employees in charge of sales or marketing produce a corresponding return on investment? This paper was conceived to gather research-based evidence of the aforementioned quandary. Specifically, the study would address two research problems: (1) What are the advantages of using laptops for people engaged in sales? and (2) Is there a relationship between use of laptops by salespeople and increase in accumulated sales? The study will also test the null hypothesis that â€Å"there is no significant relationship between use of laptops by salespeople and an increase in their accumulated sales† based on a non-directional or two-tailed analysis and a 0.05 level of significance (0.05). The justification for this study rests on the premise that although empirical studies have alre ady demonstrated the link between productivity and use of computers and IT, results have been generalized for the manufacturing industry, not strictly on the sales aspect. If a direct and significant relationship is confirmed between use of laptops as an aid to sales talk and presentations and corresponding increase in accumulated sales, it is highly possible that issuance of laptops to salespeople by the companies they represent does, indeed, produce a return on investment. Hence, this paper will serve as an exploratory study to pave the way for further investigation of the association between issuance of laptops to salespeople and return on investment. This study adopted a descriptive – exploratory methodology using a researcher-constructed survey questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The research instrument consists of three parts (respondent profile, advantages of using laptop for salespeople, and relationship between use of laptop increase in accumulat ed sales) and 10 items. Respondents of the study were salespeople selected using purposive sampling. It is a non-probability sampling technique wherein the sample is chosen on the basis of the researchers’ judgment about some appropriate characteristics of the sample, and is alternatively called judgment sampling (Zikmund & Babin, 2010). A small sample of 25 respondents served as resources for the study. Profile data were presented as frequency and percentage distributions in the form of a pie chart. Advantages of using laptop for sales people were shown as horizontal graphs. Methodology for examining the relationship between use of laptops and increase in accumulated sales is discussed in the results section of this paper. Review of Related Literature and Studies Jenkins (1999) outlined several advantages of using a laptop computer in sales in terms of: (1) professional image; (2) resource and time management; (3) information dissemination; and (4) customer interaction. In a customers’ perspective, the use of technology such as laptops

Technologies For Students With Disabilities Assignment

Technologies For Students With Disabilities - Assignment Example Nowadays, such students can take great benefit from assistive technologies varying from high technology tools to simple and usable low tech gadgets. The main purpose of such tools and technologies are to assist students with disabilities to give up to their full potential, increasing their self-confidence and motivation to learn and prosper. Simple and easily usable tools for students will learning disabilities include:†¢ Tape Recorders: Students with any sort of memory disabilities can use a tape recorder to help themselves to memorize more quickly and efficiently.†¢ Calculators: Calculator makes complex calculations easy for students who are not goofing with math.High tech tools and latest technologies which could assist students will disabilities include:†¢ Software that can read aloud written text†¢ Speech recognition software that converts verbal text in written text†¢ Grammar correctors that can edit spellings and tenses for students who are weak in gra mmar and tenses. These tools and technologies, specially designed to help disabled students do not cost much and are easily available for a very reasonable price. Such technologies are important for these students because they reduce the dependency need of these students on someone. The skills of the students are polished, as they get the self-confidence that they can finish things on their own. Students are also motivated and they become more comfortable in adjusting to the class environment

Week 5 Lt Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 Lt Assignment - Essay Example The processes involved in these improvements include renovation of machines, increased training of employees and establishment of 5S problem analysis team. A new process can be measured using various measurement techniques. Most of these techniques are statistical. One measurement technique is variation and standard deviation. This method determines the level of deviation of the outcome of new process from that of the old process. Returns on Investment (ROI) can also be used to measure the performance of the new process. This involves the measurement of the returns from the new process compared to its investment (Persse, 2006). The initial investment of the process including changes made to the old process is subtracted from the returns of the new process. ROI differs from the Variance and Standard Deviation because Variance and Standard Deviation compares the new process with the old process while the ROI only measures the performance of the new process. However, both measurement techniques show the level of success of the new project based on its performance after the changes to the old

Why Do We Need Criminal Law?

Why Do We Need Criminal Law? Why we need Criminal Law. Even though some believe that laws sometimes oppress the people, a society with laws would not be a society but more like a jungle because laws serve to regulate human interaction and laws enforce moral belief. The purposes of criminal law in its simplest form are to protect and serve society. Criminal law has basic functions that help protect society. Criminal law purpose in society function is to protect the basic moral of the people. In the early days in America, history during the so-called Wild West morality was a low point. Criminal without a regard for the law dominated the social norm during the cowboy era. Many townships did not have law enforcement and thus lawlessness had no buffer for crime. If control had not been restored the country in all probability would not exist today. The laws exist to create a line that must not be cross or else one will suffer the consequence of violating the law. According to Frank Schmalleger, the author of Criminal justice today, the fundamental to the concept of criminal law is the assumption that criminal act injure not just individuals, but society as a whole. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.117) Gleaning from his statement it is clear that when a crime is committed it does not only affect the victim but the community. When saying community this is to include family, friends, and possibly neighbors. Therefore, any time a law is broken it can affect many people. Moreover as a society, we need to have buffers to keep order or else disastrous society would be the norm. Since the law act as a buffer for lawlessness it is fair to say that it also set boundaries for law-abiding citizens. In order for criminal law to work these boundaries has to often deterrence. Deterrence is a goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to inhibit criminal behavior through the fear of punishment. (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 374) In order to persuade people violating the law, they need to know that there will be consequences for their actions. The purpose of deterrence is not merely to punish one for a crime it also exist t to persuade other from committing the same crime. Often time when one is drive on the interstate or freeways one will see law enforcement sitting on the side of the road. The present of the officer is a simply deterrence to driver speeding. General deterrence main goal is to reduce the probability of one committing a crime. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.374) When looking at general deterrence, it goal is stop deviance in the general population. Criminal law tries to use general deterrence that will stop future occurrence. When one in a store to shoplift they might see, a sign that state camera are monitoring the store. Furthermore, a store might have a security guard present to deter one stealing. The police might patrol an area near clubs where fight often occurs. However, there is specific deterrence that seeks to avoid repeat offenses. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.374) In specific deterrence, the goal is to prevent recidivism by convicted offenders. In this theory, it attempts to eliminate the offender repeat the crime by corporal punishment, three strike rule, and shock sentencing. When deterrence does not work the justice system only alternative is punishment. Punishment is much like deterrence in that it is seen as a crime preventive measure. Some see punishment as a nature and deserved consequence of criminal activity. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.374) If criminal law is to function correctly criminal have to know that if they commit a crime, especially after the system has place deterrence as a buffer to prevent one form committing a crime they will be punished. Punishment for offense such as child molestation is one of the toughest punishments for offenders. Next to the death penalty child molester are given the strict punishment. The offender are often limited to where they can live, seek employment and whom they can interact with in society. One might say that the punishment they receive is just but this punishment often led to recidivism. Therefore, the strictness of this punishment tends to defend the purpose. Society will say that the punishment is a success however, it is not rehabilitating. Punishment does have it place in society and does work but one must ask is punishment just or is just retribution with makeup. Retribution is seen as the act of taking revenge on criminal perpetrator. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.373) Retribution seems like the punishment that child molesters receive. The just deserts model is seen as the criminal getting what they deserve. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.374) However, this does not solve the problem it perpetual the problem in criminal law. The Court claims to justify the death penalty in retributive terms in part because execution vindicates the communitys interest in denouncing the conduct of the offender with the ultimate penalty. Nevertheless, the Courts analysis is problematic. First, if satisfying the communitys desire for punishment counts as a retributive goal, the Court uncritically understands the death penalty as the ultimate penalty. (Markel, 2009) In conclusion, society knows the purposes of criminal law in its simplest form are to protect and serve society. Criminal law can perform it basic functions, which is to help protect society. However, criminal law will never achieve it s objective if the criminal is not rehabilitated. Rehabilitation should be a main objective next protecting and serving. If society did not have criminal law, the society would not be to survive.

Insomnia Essay -- essays research papers

Insomnia is formally defined as the inability to get the standard amount of sleep. This disease affects 1 in 3 adults every year in the United States (Insomnia). Insomnia is a growing problem that we are learning more about everyday, insomnia makes life very hard for those who are inflicted by it. Prevention of insomnia is rather simple if you learn simple techniques. If you are afflicted by insomnia than cure is rather simple if you are in the care of a good health care provider   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Insomnia is most commonly found in women and older adults. Also people who are divorced or widowed have a greater chance than those who are married to be victims of insomnia (Sleep Disorders). These groups tend to have higher stress and that is why they are more likely to be affected. There is transient insomnia which is rather common and only lasts for a few days, the insomnia will be cured once the stressful problem is resolved. Chronic insomnia lasts for more than three weeks and should be treated by a trained health care provider (Sleep Disorders). Chronic insomnia is proven to lead to other diseases such as mood disorders and depression. Transient insomnia is usually caused by a temporary situation of high stress and will normally go away when the problem is resolved. Chronic depression can be caused by a number of things. Acute stress like an illness can cause chronic insomnia. Depression and high anxiety can also lead to insomnia. It may also be caused by s leep problems such as sleep apnea. Caffeine or other stimulants can lead to insomnia. The use of depressants and sedatives will relax you but may also cause you to have shallow, fragmented sleep. Pain due to illness may also be causes. Poor sleep habits are also proven to be causes of insomnia. Extreme changes in sleep patterns may cause insomnia. There are also rare conditions such as restless leg syndrome and nocturnal myoclonus that can lead to chronic insomnia (Sleep Disorders). There are several symptoms of insomnia and they are very obvious. Having trouble falling asleep is a good sign you may have insomnia. Waking up often at night or being restless is a tell tale sign of insomnia. Also if you wake up early and are unable to go back to sleep you may be affected my insomnia. If you wake up from a night of sleep and do not feel rested at all you are most likely afflicted by insomnia (Burt... ... bed can help you take your mind off your day’s troubles. Having background noise helps make falling asleep easier for some people. Try and not focus on falling asleep and try and let your mind drift, this will help you fall asleep quicker. Avoiding unneeded stress in your life will help you prevent insomnia also. Keep a journal and write down before you go to bed everything you need to do, this will help you to not worry about everything you have been worrying about ( Sleep Disorders). All these techniques are ways of reducing stress. Some techniques may not work for some and may work great for others; it all depends on the person. Once you find a technique that works you should stick with it. Whatever is comfortable for you is what you should use.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Insomnia has become a very popular disease in the United States. There are numerous treatments that can help ease the affects this disease has on people. Knowing how to prevent it and what the symptoms are is crucial to avoiding the disease. All the prevention techniques are free and very easy to learn, everyone should know these techniques so they can help prevent this disease that makes life so difficult

First meeting Issues

In the first meeting of the Land Committee held on 22nd December, 2004 it was decided to hold public hearings with recognized political parties, civil society organizations and peoples? unions working on land issues of the poor to understand the various issues on land reforms. The Committee held public hearings in Hydrated, Wrangle, Vigilant and Atrophic. The visits to the districts and public meetings were followed by field visits to districts and villages to get a firsthand knowledge of the land issues affecting the poor.In an overwhelming response, political parties and civil society organizations attended all the public hearings and cutting across party lines, have demanded that land issues affecting the poor required immediate attention by the Government. Commissioning of Studies In order to understand the land issues in greater detail and also the relevance and use of the existing Revenue Acts, the committee has commissioned studies on various aspects of land issues by speciali sts and experts.Studies have been conducted on Board Standing Orders and Revenue Acts, Tribal land issues, issues of Tenancy, the phenomenon of absentee landlord's and that of plain paper transactions (Sad bambina transactions), functioning of the legal system and state of the endowment lands (Terms of References of the studies and consultants/consulting organizations conducting the study enclosed).Recommendations immediately operational in nature While commissioning the studies the Land Committee was very clear that recommendations evolving from the studies would not be theoretical in nature and focus shall be on operational issues. The Committee has tried its best to cover the important and pressing land issues. The recommendations of the committee while not exhaustive nevertheless cover substantial ground. Page 3 of 101 Land still the single most emotive issue in rural areas It has been the Committee?s experience that the issue of land continues to be the single most emotive issu e in the rural areas.

Economics †Puerto Rico Essay

In this paper will identify, describe and production costs of the Company San Juan Cell Phones compares. In turn, the potential risks are identified in making management decisions. In addition, will analyze and assess what are the best ways to prevent negative consequences for the company. The term cost refers to the amount or representing a product or service according to investment in material, labor; training and time that you need to develop it. As you can see, the term is characteristic and central to economics as it is the point at which any part of trade or economic relationship between two parties. The cost is to be paid by those who want to receive a product or service to have it in his possession or under his control. Today, the cost of a product or service is expressed in most situations in terms of money or capital (which may itself vary currency according to the region or area in which the exchange takes place). However, in antiquity and long, humanity carried on their t rade and economic exchanges through the delivery of other items such as spices. The cost of the products is then provided to the equivalent cost for a given quantity of spice. Economic Costs According to McConnell & Brue (2008), Economic costs include all payments that must be received by resource owners to ensure a continued supply of needed resources to a particular line of production. Economic costs include explicit costs, which flow to resources owned and supplied by others, and implicit costs, which are payments for the use of self-owned and self-employed resources. One implicit cost is a normal profit to the entrepreneur. Economic profit occurs when total revenue exceeds total cost (= explicit costs + implicit costs, including a normal profit).  Differentiate between short-run costs and long run depending on use of whether variable or fixed productive factors. In Short-run costs: have fixed and variable inputs. Therefore, variable and fixed costs will be. Within the short-run costs are: Total Cost is the market value of all inputs used to produce a product. It has 2 components: fixed and variable costs: (1) is determined and unchanging value that is independent o f production volume, are those costs always exist e.g. rent, electricity, etc. (2) A Variable cost is a cost that is incurred depending on the volume of production, human cost (work) and commodities. (3) The marginal cost is the change experienced by the total cost when an additional unit increases production. Grows in contrast to the marginal productivity sense, if it grows, the marginal cost decreases. In Long-run costs: there are only variable costs. In the long run, firms have no fixed costs are all variables that the factors of production are thus the total cost, which is equal to the variable costs. The curves in the long-run costs, they say to each output, with the lowest cost that can be obtained, assuming all inputs vary. The curve means short-run costs will be tangent to the long-run average costs. The total long-run cost is equal to all the variable costs of the company. Some of the reasons why the average total cost curve to be increasing, stable or declining: (1) the means and long-run marginal costs, like a â€Å"u† because it produces income production. (2) When yields are constant output grows proportional / the increase factor, and average costs are constant. (3) When yields are rising, the long-term costs decrease. (4) When yields decrease long-term costs are rising. (5) Normally the company began taking increasing returns but as the situation is complicated diminishing appear. Overall yields are mixed. San Juan Cell Phone Scenario This scenario presented the actual dilemma of company San Juan Cell Phone in Puerto Rico. In this scenario the production manager need to analyze the potential risks, consequences positive or negative and possible solutions; of accepting the order of 100,000 units of cell phone of the company â€Å"Big Box† and accept or reject the external production of the cell by outsourcing, an external company called â€Å"Original Equipment Manufacturer†. In order to make a recommendation on what would be the best alternative for this scenario and to provide a solution that does not affect the company,  analysis and recommendations will be divided into phases. In the first phase will analyze the unit profitability report of San Juan Cell Phones, which is found in Table 1 in the statistical appendix of this document. This table shows that the company San Juan Cell Phones has a price per unit for the Alpha model for $ 20, of which the variable costs per unit are $8, fixed overhead s per unit are $ 9 and a profit per unit of $ 3. The company â€Å"Big Box† will not pay more than $ 15 per cell phone; which implies a loss of $ 5 dollars per unit price for San Juan Cell Phone. If we analyze the loss from the perspective of the total cost of production, San Juan Cell Phones would have a total loss of production of $200,000, even without adding that there was no profit from this production. This loss would lead to other serious problems to company profitability, which will be difficult to replenish in the short term because the equilibrium price in the market is $15. Therefore can notice an excess supply. San Juan Cell Phones must make a comprehensive analysis of their variable and fixed costs and trying to lower them to compete with the market price and maintain profitability. On the other hand, evaluating the offer that provides OEM to San Juan Cell Phones, where the price of production per unit is $14; we can see that San Juan Cell Phones could meet the production requested by Big Box and in turn obtain a profit of $100,000. This in turn allowing you to San Juan Cell Phone keeps the market equilibrium price of $ 15. Where the company can lower the current price per unit and maintain its excess demand in the market and maintain profitability. As part of this analysis shows that the grant to the outsourcing manufacturing, with the penalty would take to keep all their employees working and running the factory capacity. And therefore their bonus, which is based on the overall profitability of the company, is affected. Recommendations of best alternative solution In the second phase of this analysis will make the recommendations to follow to meet the expectations required by Bib Box, without loss of profitability, and to meet the value established by the company. Below the suggested recommendations: (1) Is to secure the order of 100,000 phones required by Bib Box. (2) Establish agreements with OEM outsourcing. In this agreement the Alpha prototype model and the quality of the prototype will be established, also limit the time of delivery and the amount of production is  settled. In turn, the price of $ 14 per unit, which is not negotiable, is settled. (3) Establish a plan for reengineering the organization structure, technology and the human factor in the production line of Alpha models as initial phase of the process. At a later stage the reengineering organization to another production line would be extended. Observe the appendix A: Guide for Strategic Planning and Organizational Reengineering. These recommendations are aimed to the San Juan Cell Phones company, can get the desired order to maintain profitability. In addition to be able to maintain its equilibrium price in the market, you can keep your excess demand, increase their volume of production and profits. In addition meet its corporate values ​​to provide its customers with high quality and exceed the expectations of them. Conclusion In the scenario presented the administrative task being viewed uncertain and challenging, as a number without variables, change and transformation is affecting it. It’s time for San Juan Cell Phones, perform an analysis of their strengths and limitations of your environment and make a formulation of strategic alternatives. This analysis will take the company to be more efficient and effective in meeting the needs of its consumers, taking into consideration an adaptability, a proactive character and flexibility to embrace change, in turn have a better interaction with new technologies and positive changes in the values ​​of corporate society attitude. Reference McConnell, C. R. & Brue, S. L. (2008). Economics: Principles, problems, and policies (17th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill/Irwin. Pugel, T. A. (2007). International economics (13th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill/Irwin. University of Phoenix. (2014). Student Resources. Retrieve from https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/#/contextid/OSIRIS:46311129/context/co/view/activityDetails/activity/d547f818-bc95-4e40-b161-61f94462bdb7/expanded/False Statistical Appendix

The American Civil War Essay Example

The American Civil War Essay Example The American Civil War Essay The American Civil War Essay Essay Topic: Notes From Underground The American Civil War is a topic which many poets have addressed in verse. What separates Lowells For The Union Dead from the scores of other Civil War poems is not only the complex interweaving of period and contemporary events in order to make a social commentary on change, which give the poem a strong modern-day resonance, but also the precise and polysemic lexis Lowell employs in order to link different timeframes.In 1964, four years after he first read For The Union Dead in public, Lowell stated in a letter: In my poem For The Union Dead, I lament the loss of the old Abolitionist spirit; the terrible injustice, in the past and present, of the American treatment of the Negro is the greatest urgency to me as a man and a writer.. By describing the loss of such a spirit, Lowell also reveals what has replaced it in modern Boston; a vulgar fixation with consumerism. His juxtaposition of the unselfish and heroic sacrifice of Colonel Shaw and his all-black 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry against the moral decline of modern Boston, of a rose-tinted past against a dystopian present, is a continual theme in the poem. He describes the bronze monument celebrating their valour as (sticking) like a fishbone in the citys throat, going on to state that the Colonel is out of bounds now; in both instances, Lowell alludes to the fact that the laudable values which the Colonel and his men stood for are ignored by modern society, that human nature has degenerated into crude materialism.This degeneration is shown further by Lowells disdainful description of the building of a garage beneath the Boston Common, which is owned by the people of Boston rather than the city itself. The construction of the garage in the 60s was subject to vehement and ultimately unsuccessful protest, as it was seen as an infringement of the peoples rights. The theme of immoral consumerism recurs in this disdainful description: Parking spaces luxuriate like civic sandpiles in the heart of Boston. Lowell sees his city reduced to a plaything for childlike developers who have no thought for culture or heritage. Yet another example of this brazen consumerism is the reference to the Mosler Safe, which is advertised and glorified as a result of WWII. This is juxtaposed against the memorial, carelessly propped by a plank splint. This theme is not only applicable to Boston, but universally applicable; indeed, with the ever increasing emphasis on material wealth in modern life, the poem may have even greater relevance today. Through the universal applicability of its themes, then, Lowells poem demonstrates the qualities of durability which allows literary works to be widely deemed as valuable.In addition to this large-scale historical juxtaposition, there is a personal juxtaposition between the child Lowell and the adult Lowell, adding another layer of complexity to the poem as the factual and emotional interact with each other. The Aquarium is vital here, not only exhibiting the imp ermanence of the world we live in as modernisation propels human advancement, but showing how even within Lowells lifetime, the world has changed beyond recognition; the fish of his childhood are gone, and all that is left is the bronze weathervane cod which has lost half its scales; they have been replaced by yellow dinosaur steamshovels grunting behind their cage and giant finned cars. The replacement of the sentient fish from the Aquarium with these mechanical beasts of the modern era runs parallel to the aforementioned degeneration of human nature, and together they chart the disappearance of the world of Lowells childhood, as well as and Colonel Shaws lifetime. On a personal level as well, then, Lowell portrays the change which has come about in his lifetime with great pessimism. At this personal level, though, there are also elements of continuity within the different timeframes which Lowell describes melancholically. As a child he watches the fish behind the glass, as an adul t he sees the drained faces of school-children rise like balloons through a television screen; in both situations he is frustrated by his own helplessness.Lowell also presents continuity regarding the fact that despite the American Civil War was won by the Abolitionists, segregation was still existent at the time of writing; he conveys disgust at the fact that while Americas fragile sense of heritage and culture is bulldozed in the name of technological advancement (the steamshovels and cars), racism remains. The fact that the Boston Common garage is geographically close to the bronze memorial for the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers Infantry means that the link between the two is justified and founded in reality, the link being that although the garage would suggests advancement, it actually represents a backward step for Boston, and the memorials place in an America which still instigates segregation shows that America is still stuck in its prejudiced past. Lowells layering of images , juxtapositions and parallels across various timeframes, and the split between historical and personal, allows the poem to be a complex collection of ideas contributing to the same central twin destinations concerning inequality and transience. A complex interweaving of ideas which denotes value, then, can be clearly identified in Lowells poem.Another feature of valued literature, alongside complex ideas, is complexity in language and word choice. There can be little doubt that Lowell has chosen to place certain words in certain places in the poem, that he is a craftsperson in command of (his) writing. Even the opening line, the epigraph Relinquunt Omnia Servare Rem Publicam is an edited version of the epigraph on the actual memorial Reinquit Omnia Servare Rem Publicam. Lowells amendment turns He gave up all to serve the Republic, referring to Colonel Shaw into They gave up all to serve the Republic, referring to the entire 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Even in this minor adjustment, then, the central themes of racial equality is addressed, as well as the bravery of the soldiers which is so often acknowledged in Civil War poems. Evidence of Lowells conscious decision to select exact words can also be seen by the repetition of words within the poem, to either reinforce or contradict a point previously made. When describing his experience of the fish at the Aquarium, Lowell writes that his hand tingled, and when describing the Statehouse when the construction works for the garage are occurring, Lowell also says it is tingling. The former use of the word suggests vitality and excitement, whereas the latter use suggests both the literal and symbolic undermining of democratic values, of equality.The first line and the second to last line also utilise this repetition, this time Servare and servility. Here, Shaws civic courage, his noble defence of his beliefs and his country, is contrasted against the savage servility of the cars. Savage servility is a par adoxical description which highlights both the bleak, unfeeling, asocial nature of modern life and the undercurrent of menace which Lowell feels accompanies this modernisation. The placement of these juxtaposing words at the beginning and end of the poem serve to illustrate the change which Lowell works so hard to show the reader throughout the poem. A final and less obvious instance of such repetition comes, rather than at the beginning and end of the poem, in a single sentence: on Boylston Street, a commercial photograph/Shows Hiroshima boiling/over a Mosler Safe. Boylston and boiling is not repetition in a strict sense; it is an example of assonance. Boylston Street is a major commercial centre in Boston, and so the avarice portrayed by the Mosler Hiroshima boiling advertisement is clearly mirrored by this hub of capitalism. It is evident, then, that Lowell has formed the poem with a meticulousness of the highest order, giving the poem a great deal of value.There is, however, a p roblem with the poem in terms of value. Lowells poem includes intimate details about Boston and the Civil War at the risk of alienating readers who are not familiar with either, for instance an English reader with no knowledge of the Civil War or Boston. The English reader would then have to research into the Civil War and Boston in order to understand the poem even at its most basic level. This could mean that the perceived value of the poem is diminished for this reader. Michael Foucault certainly holds this view, positing that all literary texts display enunciative poverty, in that they inevitably cannot convey full meaning or representation, and that it is critics themselves who repeat over and over the message which the text itself failed to tell, that these critics make up for a poets lack of precision in craft.However, the ignorance of the reader cannot diminish the value of a poem; it is the readers responsibility to fill in gaps in their knowledge and thereby fully comprehe nd the value and complexity of the poem. Foucault also doubts that the writer is in complete control of the writing, arguing instead that certain literary traditions economic and literary pressures influence the text. Again, if Foucaults position is to be believed, this would show that Lowell is not a craftsman in command of (his) writing, and therefore that his poetry is not valuable. However, while these pressures undoubtedly shape certain decisions concerning issues like structure and subject matter (for instance, the construction of the underground garage in the vicinity of the memorial and the on-going civil rights movement led Lowell to consider Colonel Shaw and his Infantrys bravery and the futility of their sacrifice), the artistry and poetic technique exhibited by the poet requires a great deal of control. These pressures, if anything, form a vague outline of a work which must be defined and filled by the poets imagination; Lowell does this magnificently, using the intricat e entwining of themes and ideas and precise word choice to create a work of true value.